A staple herb for any keen cook, rosemary is also highly attractive to bees and other precious pollinators. So, whether adding one pot of rosemary to the patio, or lining entire pathways, or adding them to your list of herb garden ideas or vegetable garden ideas, cultivating your own plants will provide a feast for all. ‘Rosemary is certainly one of the most special and versatile of culinary herbs. It is powerful for flavouring all meat, especially lamb, as well as fish, tomato dishes, beans and lemon sauces,’ says Judith Hann in her book Herbs: Delicious Recipes and Growing Tips to Transform Your Food. (opens in new tab) ‘Rosemary can look very beautiful, is trouble free and, once planted, ideally in spring in well-drained soil, will often last for decades.’ There are several types of rosemary that you can grow, but Miss Jessopp’s Upright is a favourite for its looks and taste. Other popular varieties include Benenden Blue, Lady in White, the Prostratus Group, Majorca Pink and McConnell’s Blue. As it’s an evergreen shrub, learning how to grow rosemary will keep you in supply of this delicious herb for 12 months of the year.
How do you grow rosemary successfully?
To grow rosemary successfully as part of your kitchen garden ideas, consider the plant’s origins and whether your garden offers the right conditions. Rosemary is native to the Mediterranean, so it should ideally be positioned in a sunny, sheltered spot. Perhaps surprisingly, rosemary is quite frost-hardy. The plants do, however, need well-draining soil, and are unlikely to thrive in heavy clay or boggy ground. ‘Although it will take temperatures down as low as 5°F (minus 15°C), rosemary absolutely hates sitting in cold, wet soil so sharp drainage is the key to success,’ says celebrity gardener Monty Don in his blog (opens in new tab). If you live in zone 6 or lower, you will need to bring rosemary indoors over winter, or grow it as an annual.
How to grow rosemary from cuttings
Learning how to grow rosemary from cuttings is the best way to cultivate new plants quickly. ‘Rosemary is easy to propagate from softwood cuttings,’ says Hann. The best time to take cuttings from rosemary is in the spring, after the plant has flowered. However, many gardeners have had success in summer and fall, as long as the plant is not actively flowering. Simply cut off shoots with no flowers – you’ll need about 3 to 5 inches – just below a branching point, or leaf node. It’s important to use a sharp, clean blade or secateurs. If you are not able to immediately plant your cuttings, then you can store them for a short time in a sealed plastic bag out of direct sunlight. To root your rosemary cuttings, remove most of the lower leaves and push these clean stems into gritty compost containing a high proportion of vermiculite. Either place several cuttings in a larger pot, or in a seed tray, inserting one per module. Many gardeners first dip the stems in hormone rooting powder to speed up the rooting process, and to ensure more plants are successful. This is not essential, but can increase your chances of stronger, disease-free plants. Water the freshly planted cuttings, then place in a propagator, cold frame or on a windowsill. Check regularly to make sure the soil is constantly moist and never dries out. In about four weeks’ time, check your cuttings to see if they have begun to root. To do this, you can give them a very gentle tug, and if you feel resistance it means roots have formed and your cuttings are ready for planting. Pot them on into individual containers, using loam-based compost. Keep watering, and when the roots fill the container, pot on again to a larger size. The rosemary plants should be ready to plant out into their final positions in the garden the following spring. See: Small vegetable garden ideas – from layout designs to the best crops to grow
How to grow rosemary from seed
‘Rosemary grows well from seed sown in spring, pricked out into individual pots and planted out the following spring,’ says Monty Don. Growing rosemary from seed can be a good solution if you are patient and want a lot of plants – perhaps for lining a path. However, germination takes a while and has a low success rate, so sow four times as many seeds as you want plants. Start off seeds indoors, at least three months before the growing season starts. Use well-draining compost, ideally with plenty of vermiculite or perlite. Moisten the mix, but don’t make it sodden. Sprinkle on the seeds, then cover with a light layer of potting mix. Mist the surface with water and then place in a propagator or cover with a plastic bag or wrap. As soon as seedlings start to appear, around 14-28 days later, remove the cover. Position the seedlings in a warm spot in direct sunlight, and keep the soil moist. Once the seedlings are at least 3 inches tall, pot them on or, if the weather is warm enough, plant them out.
How long does it take to grow rosemary?
It takes around a year for a new rosemary plant to go from seed to finished position outdoors. This can be shortened to around six months if you grow rosemary from cuttings. Then, you can harvest rosemary for cooking and drying.
How to grow rosemary indoors
You can grow rosemary indoors if you live in a very cold area or do not have a garden. It is certainly best to start off plants indoors, but once established you can also keep them inside, close to hand for culinary use. Rosemary grown indoors will need a sunny spot, such as a bright windowsill or sunroom. You will have to keep harvesting the stems for cooking, to keep the plant to a manageable size.
Where does rosemary grow best?
Rosemary grows best in a sunny, sheltered spot, in well-drained soil. ‘Shrubby herbs, such as rosemary, prefer soil that isn’t too acidic,’ says gardening expert Leigh Clapp. If your soil is heavy clay or is very acidic, then consider growing rosemary in pots.
How to grow rosemary in a pot
‘The best way to grow the less hardy varieties of rosemary, especially in cold areas, is in pots,’ says Hann. Choose a pot that is at least 12 inches in diameter with good sized drainage holes. ‘Always use well-drained soil wherever you are planting rosemary, incorporating some grit with the compost. Do not overwater and feed only after flowering,’ adds Hann. ‘You may need to protect them with fleece in freezing conditions.
How do you care for a rosemary plant?
It is very easy to care for a rosemary plant, as long as you have the right soil type, and the temperature doesn’t get below 5°F. Always err on the side of underwatering, rather than overwatering, as rosemary comes from an inherently dry climate. ‘Feed with additional nitrogen fertiliser for good foliage production,’ says Leigh Clapp. ‘It’s a good idea to mulch them to suppress weeds and retain some moisture in summer.’ The main challenges that can affect rosemary are frost damage and rosemary beetle. Frost damage can be avoided by covering plants with fleece, or bringing them inside over winter. Where damage does occur, cut off the affected stems. Where rosemary beetle is present, it’s best to remove them by hand before they increase in number, as left unattended they can strip plants of leaves. Check plants regularly to see if beetles are present. Another possible issue is fungal disease, which thrives in moist, humid conditions. ‘Help your plant withstand fungal infections by maintaining good air circulation around and through the bush,’ says gardening expert John Negus. ‘Remove any weeds or leaves and branches of other plants that are touching it, and prune out any straggly old branches within the bush.’ To maintain rosemary, it does benefit from an occasional prune. ‘It demands little attention, needing a prune only once a year,’ says Hann. ‘I cut my plants back after the winter flowers are over, but rosemary can also be pruned in the autumn. I grow it as a fan shape against south-facing walls and as a standard.’
